木子日曰

Posts Tagged ‘buddhism’

March 10th, 2008 回到老問題

近來胡思亂想得多,又回到一些中學時已經在想的老問題。但要詳細解釋很難,暫且將一些重點記下來,有時間再整理。

1. Why to live? 人久不久就會回到意義的問題,雖然大多數時候我們都已經不敢再問這個問題,而是在問 How to live in a better way? 因為其實我們沒有能力去解答 Why to live ,無論任何一個宗教,都只不過是給我們一個 model answer。但如果不回答 Why to live 的問題,在世上所作一切,都並不是非如此不可。於是人並非一定要生存,自殺亦並無不可。

2. 宇宙如何誕生,到底是科學的解釋宇宙大爆炸,世界是輪迴定還是天主創造,其實無論你信那一套,都並不影響你的生活方法。以為信了教/悟了道和未信教/未悟道的人心靈有所不同,但其實無論相信任何一個宗教,我們的實際表現,都不過是吃飯、拉屎、睡覺、死亡。

所有宗教除了嘗試回答 Why to live ,也在嘗試提出一套 How to live in a better way 的指引。但實際上 Why to live 和 How to live 並沒有必然關係,也因此,聲稱相信任何一個宗教,並非必然會改善心靈。而既然我們無法解答 Why to live,改善自己心靈的狀態比起解釋宇宙如何誕生更有迫切性。

3. 佛法的矛盾:所有事物皆是空相,並非獨立固定的個體,在因果律中互依互存。那麼輪迴轉世,豈不又承認了個體的靈魂獨立自存?菩薩發大願渡眾生。既然眾生只是空相,是因果浮現的現象,又何須求眾生能得渡?發大願,也是執著?常人雖有執著,亦能好好過活,雖有痛苦亦有短暫的滿足。

4. 雖說無常,但亦有常。常者,昨天房間是這個模樣,今天房間也大致是一模一樣,這就是時間和因果的連續性。一覺醒來,靈魂依然在同一軀體,雖然世界其實有變,軀體的內在成份有變,心靈也在變。但記憶使我們將過去和現在的經驗發現出一些似乎是常態的原理。有著感官,而感到自己身體的位置和邊界。仍然有地心吸力,太陽如常昇起。雖然這些都不過是「現象」和「感官」互依互存的因果關係,即使你相信無常,當你在為生活奔馳,每一天的工作,累積每一天的成果,其實已經在假設我們今日在生,是為了明天的果,而我們最終要死。我們其實無法脫離生活的常規,無法脫離地心吸力。人生而有執著,放下執著,就像擺脫地心吸力一樣無法完全達到,也並非一定需要達到。佛教嘗試解釋因果無常,既作為 Why to live 的解釋,也作為 How to live 的指引,但其實「自相真空」和「修行、發大願」之間有一定矛盾,自少我無法解答這矛盾。即使沒有答案,我們仍然生活下去。

5. 西方科學即使嘗試回答 Why to live,其著眼點在尋找「常」,理性能夠解釋的原理,理性或許能改善社會環境,但理性無法解釋的,就沒法改善。佛教著眼點於世界無常、心無常,是故著眼點在於心靈的修行,但有上述矛盾我未能理解。儒家一句「未知生,焉知死」,就把著眼點局限於現世的累積。Why to live 不是儒家的考慮,儒家從一開始就撇除了這個問題不作回答,只給予一套 How to live 的指引,是以中國人其實還是著眼於現世。回到最後,我們只是想 how to live in a better way 而已。但如果不回答 Why to live 的問題,在世上所作一切,都並不是非如此不可。只問 How to live ,而不問 Why to live,正正是中國社會迷失方向的原因。回到第一個問題。

February 22nd, 2008 Why are we living?

http://www.fallingfruit.tv/episodes/atto-zepto-and-yacto-buddhist-marx-brothers

by Wes Niker, in the show “Buddhist Geeks”
“Life is full of suffering.
Life is so hard. Really.
Just consider the facts:
Firstly, you don’t ask to be born.
At least you don’t remember you’ve asked.
And everyone is born, is born with an intense desire to survive - the survival instinct. You don’t want to die.
So it’s like nature traps you in this place.
You don’t have the choice of the body you are having.
At least you don’t remembered a catalogue of choices is being offered: would you like to swim, fly, or walk?…
You can’t choose you are a man or a woman.
You can’t choose your personality.
You are born with a certain kind of temperamental characteristics,
and it is determined even before your childhood.
You can’t choose your parents,
that gives the basic conditions of your growing environment.
You are not free to be yourself. You are forced to be yourself
You are required to feed yourself three times a day,
in order to keep it alive,
That means you are required to work, labour, or hunt.
You have to fight gravity when you wake up in the morning,
and every step you take.

“And above all, you are not told exactly why you are here, what you are supposed to be doing when you are here.
You only have the basic consciousness to know that you exist,
and you are going to die, that’s the only thing you’re told to do.
You are not going to be living happily ever after.

These facts of life are not really a pretty picture.
And if you don’t has humour, it just not funny!
If you are accepting that, that makes life a simple end…”