木子日曰

February 25th, 2007 Orchestra Recording 講座

http://sweb.cityu.edu.hk/scm/dssw/index.html
這幾天去了城大的 Film scoring for orchestra 講座,想不到城大竟然有錢可以有錢請 HKPO ,示範如何為管弦樂團錄音!(關於管弦樂團的錄音,其實不正正是各大學的音樂系值得去做的事嗎?)第一天(22/2/2007)的管弦樂團錄音示範在清水灣的邵氏影城裏面的 Sound Stage I 進行。邵氏影城人跡罕至,無線電話也收不到訊號。據聞近年電影巿道不好,這個新影城建成了兩年,但根本很少拍戲,也不是很多人租來用。

這個 Sound Stage I 像個很大的貨倉,裏面空曠得很,回音不少,似乎更適合拍戲,而不像是管弦樂團錄音的地方。我下午才去聽講座,見到已經 set 好咪, set 好錄音器材。5 支咪收 orchestra 整體聲音,每個 session 又各有幾支咪收音,總共 24 條 track,真是大陣仗!一台大 mixer,幾台電腦運行 Nuendo (Steinberg 公司的程式,和 Cubase SX 近似) 同時錄音,真是很少見 24 條 track 一齊錄音的壯觀景象,還有 Open-Reel Tape 把 Stereo Output 錄下來。城大 Creative Media 的教授親自下場指揮自己的電影音樂-《父子》和《黑社會以和為貴》,他的作品演奏簡單而頗為有效果,而他的指揮就不願置評了。

不過最令我難解的是,每個樂手都有耳筒,用來聽 click track(即是拍子機),以保證錄音的速度每一 take 可以相同,以便錄音之後和畫面準確地同步。但是假如人人都聽拍子機,就不太需要指揮啊,指揮只要給樂手開始的指示就可以了。假如以樂團一般的運作習慣,那麼就只需要指揮一個人聽 click track ,其餘樂手看指揮就可以得知速度了,無需一個人一個 headphone amp 咁富貴。不過點貴都唔及請樂團貴,不知道一個 session 要多少錢?不過後來第三天的講座裏面,從洛杉磯 USC 來的教授說,荷李活的錄音,也是每個樂手聽 headphone 的,想來必有其道理吧。

演奏出來的效果其實麻麻,不過經過錄音把低音推大,出來感覺便很澎湃了。

******

第二晚在城大聽講座,示範如何用電腦模擬樂團的聲音。講者 Chris Stone 簡直係勁人。看看他的 Bio 就知道了,隨 Boulanger 學作曲,後來專研電子音樂,很多經典電子音樂產品如 Yamaha DX7 的說明書都係佢寫的,你話勁唔勁。
http://audioimpressions.com/Company/History/

他公司發明的軟件 DVZ (Divisi 的簡稱) 也實在非常瘋狂!能夠把弦樂團的聲音非常像真地用電腦模仿出來,甚至可以控制到底你想用小提琴獨奏,兩支、四支、定十六支,是那一種 Articulation。要知道,弦樂是最難用電腦模仿的樂器,因為弦樂音色千變萬化,每一弓大細聲、Vibrato 的控制可以很細緻,多幾支樂器和少幾支樂器音色又不同,以前試過不少程式,要轉換每一種弦樂音色非常麻煩,這個程式卻非常人性化!可以即時用電子琴彈奏,而用 pedal 令每一個音都有不同的細微變化,不過要把 pedal 控制得好並不容易。還可以自動 doubling in octave,自動 divisi,自動分配聲部給不同樂器,還有自動安排,到底你想用高把位還是低把位拉奏,還可以控制每一個樂手的座位位置,令聲音更真實。簡直神了!也許終有一日電腦可以完全取代真人演奏?

http://audioimpressions.com/Products/

******

第三天的講者是洛杉磯 USC 的教授 Robert Ellis-Geiger。他講解 Hollywood 的錄音過程是怎樣運作的,和一個 Music Editor / Sound Producer / Film-Music Composer 的工作職責。獲益良多,難以一一詳述。且大概紀綠他的一些說話:

For a film composer, the first priority is get the job done. Of course composer want to do his best. Writing good music is much more fun than just writing music. But always, get the job done before the deadline is more important than struggling with the best music.

Usually composer get a raw soundtrack with dialogues, and then it’s his task to add in music. But later director may want to cut out the music or add some extra sound effects on top of it. But if composer have done his job, and get the cheque, then it’s done! It is commerce, not arts.

Music editor is important, not just for his work in editing the music, but as a third party, a mediator between the composer and the director. To help the communication, to note down important decisions and cue sheets (for marking time of music as well as for claiming moeny from copyright).

Usually music editor would choose existing film music as sources for a temporary track, so that the director can get an idea of how it sounds like before the music is composed. But sometimes director will be obsessed with the temp track, and want the composer to write exactly in the same style of the temp track, that’s why you would found that many film music are similar.

When a composer write a music, usually there is a contract between him and the company. The composer get the fee for writing, but the copyright belongs to the company. But if composer copy his own music in another film, it is not against the copyright law. (所以譚盾可以經常抄襲自己啊!)

遲些有空再上載一些照片。

Leave a Reply